管道直飲水減壓閥加強(qiáng)維護(hù)管理責(zé)任意識(shí) 

    從宏觀方面著眼，物業(yè)管理、維修操作人員應(yīng)首先熟悉高層建筑給水系統(tǒng)的概況和類型，掌握不同樓宇生活給水系統(tǒng)、消防系統(tǒng)乃至生產(chǎn)等復(fù)合給水系統(tǒng)性能特點(diǎn)，上海申弘閥門有限公司主營(yíng)閥門有：減壓閥(氣體減壓閥,可調(diào)式減壓閥,波紋管減壓閥,活塞式減壓閥,蒸汽減壓閥,先導(dǎo)式減壓閥,空氣減壓閥,氮?dú)鉁p壓閥,水用減壓閥,自力式減壓閥,比例減壓閥)、安全閥、保溫閥、低溫閥、球閥、截止閥、閘閥、止回閥、蝶閥、過濾器、放料閥、隔膜閥、旋塞閥、柱塞閥、平衡閥、調(diào)節(jié)閥、疏水閥、管夾閥、排污閥、排氣閥、排泥閥、氣動(dòng)閥門、電動(dòng)閥門、高壓閥門、中壓閥門、低壓閥門、水力控制閥、真空閥門、襯膠閥門、襯氟閥門。基本理解系統(tǒng)水力平衡運(yùn)作機(jī)理，設(shè)置技術(shù)情況，特別要熟悉系統(tǒng)內(nèi)多種減壓元件的應(yīng)用原理，性能要求。要掌握系統(tǒng)的正常性能指標(biāo)，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，如某些用水設(shè)備壓力不穩(wěn)定，急驟波動(dòng)，甚至還伴有負(fù)壓抽吸，或者減壓系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵管段出現(xiàn)斷續(xù)嘯叫噪音情況時(shí)，不僅能從理性方面去分析判斷原因，以正確的思路指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐；同時(shí)，要加強(qiáng)維護(hù)管理責(zé)任意識(shí)，提高專業(yè)技術(shù)水平，培養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)調(diào)試、操作運(yùn)行、應(yīng)急排故的動(dòng)手能力。管理好每幢高層建筑的供、用水設(shè)施，使業(yè)主（用戶）得到實(shí)惠。 

減壓閥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一覽表 
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào)  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中文名稱  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文名稱  JB/T10367-2002  液壓減壓閥      GB/T12245-1989  減壓閥性能試驗(yàn)方法  Methods of performance test for pressure reducing valves GB/T12246-1989  先導(dǎo)式減壓閥  Pilot-operated reducing valves  GB/T12244-1989  減壓閥一般要求  General specification for pressure reducing valves GB/T1852-1993  船用法蘭鑄鋼蒸汽減壓閥  Marine steel flanged steam pressure reducing valves  GB10868-1989  電站減溫減壓閥技術(shù)條件   Specification of the steam converting valve for fossil power stations JB/T7376-1994(2005復(fù)審)   氣動(dòng)空氣減壓閥 技術(shù)條件       JB/T7310-1994(2005復(fù)審)   裝載機(jī)用減壓閥式先導(dǎo)閥     JB/T53361-1994  液壓減壓閥產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量分等(試行)    JB/T53265-1999  先導(dǎo)式減壓閥 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量分等     JB/T2205-2000  減壓閥結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)度       NF P43-035-2000   建筑閥門.供水減壓閥和復(fù)合供水減壓閥.要求和試驗(yàn)   (Building valves - Water pressure reducing valves and combination water pressure reducing valves - Requirements and tests.)  NF A84-420-1991   氣焊設(shè)備和有關(guān)方法.減壓閥入品接頭.尺寸   (Equipment for gas welding and allied processes. Pressure regulators inlet connections. Dimensions.)  NF M88-773-1981   商用丁烷容器裝置.低壓固定調(diào)節(jié)的家用商品丁烷減壓閥   (INSTALLATIONS BURNING COMMERCIAL BUTANE. PRESSURE REGULATOR TRIP,LOW-PRESSURE FIXED FLOW,FOR COMMERCIAL BUTANE FOR DOMESTIC USE.)  NF M88-775-1990   裝液態(tài)碳?xì)浠衔锏匿撈?可移動(dòng)部分和半移動(dòng)部分用高壓可調(diào)減壓閥.功能.標(biāo)記、試驗(yàn)   (LIQUEFIED HYDROCARBONS SYSTEMS IN CYLINDERS. FIXED  ADJUSTEMENT,HIGH PRESSURE REGULATOR FOR AND SEMI- PREMISES. CONSTRUCTION. OPERATION, MARKING,TESTS.)  NF M88-737-2003   可運(yùn)輸可再填充液化石油氣瓶用減壓閥   (Pressure relief valves for transportable refillable cylinders for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).)  NF E48-423-2001   液壓傳動(dòng).減壓閥、順序閥、卸載閥、 節(jié)流閥和止回閥.裝配面   (Hydraulic fluid power - Pressure-reducing valves, sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves -  Mounting surfaces.)  ANSI/ASSE 1003-1995  家用供水系統(tǒng)用減壓閥  (Water Pressure Reducing Valves for Domestic Water Supply Systems)  ANSI/ASSE 1046-1990  熱膨脹減壓閥  (Thermal Expansion Relief Valve)  ANSI Z 21.22a-1999  減壓閥和真空減壓閥  (Pressure Relief Valves and Vacuum Relief Valves)  ANSI Z 21.22b-2001  熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的減壓閥  (Relief Valves for Hot Water Supply Systems (same as CSA 4.4b))  ANSI/ASTM F 1508-1997   用于蒸汽、氣體和液體設(shè)備的角型減壓閥規(guī)范   (Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas, and Liquid Services)  ASME A112.4.1-1993  熱水器減壓閥排水管  (Water heater relief valve drain tubes) ASME PTC 25.3-1988  安全和減壓閥   (Safety and relief valves) 

ASTM E 1008-2003  地?zé)岷推渌邷匾后w設(shè)備用減壓閥體的安裝、檢驗(yàn)及維修用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施規(guī)范   (Standard Practice for Installation, Inspection, and Maintenance  of Valve-body Pressure-relief Methods for Geothermal and Other  High-Temperature Liquid Applications)  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編號(hào)  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中文名稱  標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文名稱  ASTM F 1795-2000   空氣或氮?dú)庀到y(tǒng)用減壓閥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范   (Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Air or Nitrogen Systems)  ASTM F 1565-2000  蒸汽設(shè)備用減壓閥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范   (Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Steam Service)  ASTM F 1508-1996   用于蒸汽、氣體和液體設(shè)備的角型減壓閥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范   (Standard Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Relief Valves for Steam, Gas and Liquid Services) ASTM F 1370-1992   船上給水系統(tǒng)用減壓閥   (Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard)  BS EN 1567-2000   建筑物閥門.減壓閥和組合減壓閥.要求和試驗(yàn)   (Building valves - Water pressure reducing valves and combination water reducing valves - Requirements and tests)  BS ISO 5781-2000   液壓傳動(dòng).減壓閥、順序閥、卸荷閥、節(jié)流閥和止回閥.安裝面   (Hydraulic fluid power - Pressure reducing valves, sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves - Mounting surfaces)  BS ISO 6264-1998  液壓傳動(dòng).減壓閥.裝配面   (Hydraulic fluid power - Pressure-relief valves - Mounting surfaces)  prEN 14071-2000   液化石油氣（LPG）罐的減壓閥 輔助設(shè)備   Pressure relief valves for LPG tanks - Ancillary equipment  BS 6283-2-1991   熱水系統(tǒng)中使用的安全和控制裝置.壓力范圍從1bar到10bar溫度減壓閥規(guī)范   (Safety and control devices for use in hot water systems  - Specifications for temperature relief valves for pressures from 1 bar to 10 bar)  BS 6283-4-1991   熱水系統(tǒng)中使用的安全和控制裝置.第 4部分:zui大供給壓力為12bar,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸包括DN50的微量繃緊減壓閥規(guī)范   (Safety and control devices for use in hot water systems - Specification for drop-tight pressure reducing valves of nominal size up to and including DN 50 for supply pressures up to and including 12 ba)  DIN EN 13953-2003   液化石油氣(LPG)用可運(yùn)輸?shù)目稍俪涫絻?chǔ)氣瓶的減壓閥   (Pressure relief valves for transportable refillable cylinders for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG); German version EN 13953:2003)  DIN EN 1567-2000   建筑閥門.水減壓閥和組合水減壓閥.要求和試驗(yàn)   (Building valves - Water pressure reducing valves and combination water pressure reducing valves - Requirements and tests; German version EN 1567:1999) JIS B8652-2002   比例電動(dòng)液壓減壓閥及安全閥的試驗(yàn)方法   (Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional pressure relief valves and electro-hydraulic  proportional pressure reducing and relieving valves)  JIS F0504-1989  船上機(jī)械裝置用減壓閥的應(yīng)用和壓力調(diào)節(jié)  (Application and setting pressure of relief valves for ships' machinery)  UL 1478-1995  消防泵減壓閥   (Fire pumps relief valves )  UL 1468-1995   防火設(shè)備用直接控制的減壓閥和壓力(Direct acting pressure reducing and pressure 
控制閥   restricting valves )  JIS B8666-2001  液壓動(dòng)力.減壓閥.安裝表面  (Hydraulic fluid power -- Pressure-relief valves -- Mounting surfaces)  JIS B8372-1994   氣動(dòng)裝置用減壓閥   (PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES FOR PNEUMATIC USE) JIS B8664-2001   液壓動(dòng)力.壓力控制閥(不包括減壓 閥)、順序活門、釋荷閥、節(jié)流閥和止回閥.安裝表面   (Hydraulic fluid power -- Pressure-control valves (excluding pressure-relief valves), sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves -- Mounting surfaces)  JIS B8410 AMD 1-2003  水管用減壓閥(修改件1)  (Pressure reducing valves for water works (Amendment 1))  JIS B8651-2002  比例電動(dòng)液壓減壓閥試驗(yàn)方法  (Test methods for electro-hydraulic proportional pressure relief valves)  JIS B8410-1999   水管用減壓閥   (Pressure reducing valves for water works) ISO 15500-12-2001   道路車輛.壓縮天然氣(CNG)燃料系統(tǒng)元部件.第12部分:減壓閥   (Road vehicles - Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components - Part 12: Pressure relief valve (PRV))  ISO 6264-1998  液壓傳動(dòng).減壓閥.裝配面   (Hydraulic fluid power - Pressure-relief valves - Mounting surfaces)  ISO 5781-2000   液壓傳動(dòng).減壓閥、順序閥、卸荷閥、節(jié)流閥和止回閥.裝配面  (Hydraulic fluid power - Pressure-reducing valves, sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves - Mounting surfaces) GB/T10868-2005   電站減溫減壓閥    

 管道直飲水減壓閥 運(yùn)行操作、排故實(shí)踐知識(shí) 

    （1）要避免存留臟物、雜物進(jìn)入減壓閥減壓保障系統(tǒng)。新建或者改造工程的減壓系統(tǒng)管網(wǎng)，很可能沙粒、麻絲、雜物。投運(yùn)前，一般都應(yīng)進(jìn)行水沖洗，滿足清潔要求后，zui后裝上減壓閥和過濾器濾芯，這樣才能避免雜物流入減壓閥，杜絕減壓閥卡芯現(xiàn)象。在系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入工作后，保障減壓系統(tǒng)的水流暢通與否，與設(shè)置在系統(tǒng)上的過濾器流通能力關(guān)系密切，如濾芯被雜物嚴(yán)重吸附，則會(huì)影響減壓閥的工作，為此必需對(duì)過濾器進(jìn)行定期檢查，及時(shí)清除污穢。實(shí)踐表明這項(xiàng)工作2至3個(gè)月必須進(jìn)行一次，有些可調(diào)式（彈簧式、薄膜式）減壓閥，其主閥或者導(dǎo)閥自身設(shè)置過濾器，同樣需要定期拆洗濾芯。 

    （2）1用1備的減壓閥組應(yīng)定期輪換工作。大部分高層建筑生活給水減壓閥減壓保障系統(tǒng)，是以給水豎向分區(qū)設(shè)置的，一般設(shè)在每一給水分區(qū)總管上。考慮到眾多用戶的用水可靠安全性（住宅每一分區(qū)有幾十戶*百戶，公共建筑如賓館、飯店，每一分區(qū)有幾十套客房……） ，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)減壓閥應(yīng)兩套并列安裝（1用1備）。減壓通路兩側(cè)都輔以閘閥或蝶閥，可啟閉任一減壓通道，為使并列的兩套減壓閥通道能正常工作，常規(guī)一個(gè)月輪流交換一次，擱置時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)減壓通道死水結(jié)垢，減壓元件閥芯會(huì)卡住失效。 

    （3）應(yīng)及時(shí)排除管道中的積氣。當(dāng)空氣進(jìn)入減壓管網(wǎng)或管網(wǎng)內(nèi)隨壓力變化時(shí)氣體從水中析出，這時(shí)區(qū)域內(nèi)用戶的水壓極不穩(wěn)定；處在供水zui不利點(diǎn)用水器更是壓力變化急驟，有時(shí)呈現(xiàn)虛假的峰值壓力，有時(shí)還會(huì)抽吸斷水，還有管網(wǎng)會(huì)伴隨撞擊聲。 

   產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象，會(huì)影響燃?xì)鉄崴鳌㈦姛崴鞯确€(wěn)定工作，嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)被毀壞；對(duì)各種盥洗器具的進(jìn)水連接管破壞力也很大，特別是目前常用的一些復(fù)合型連結(jié)軟管，其強(qiáng)度較差，因此爆管的事件屢有發(fā)生；有些水表無法正確計(jì)量，出現(xiàn)用戶不用水，水表也會(huì)不斷地轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。為杜絕這類事故，應(yīng)檢查屋頂水箱生活給水總管的蓄水高程是否滿足，如不滿足水箱出水口處會(huì)產(chǎn)生水旋，吸入空氣。排除這一故障可調(diào)整水箱內(nèi)液位控制器的zui低水位高程，經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明一般zui低水位距出水口應(yīng)不小于0.3m。也可反復(fù)開啟設(shè)置在分區(qū)、減壓系統(tǒng)兩側(cè)的壓力表放氣旋塞，把已進(jìn)入管網(wǎng)內(nèi)的空氣徐徐排出。如采取上述措施后，在分區(qū)總管末梢以下的一些用水器還出現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象，可以在這些部位增設(shè)自動(dòng)排氣裝置。